Aryabhatiya by Aryabhata I

Aryabhata, potentially born in 476 in either Ashmaka or Kusumapura, India, achieved fame as a mathematician and astronomer. His sole surviving work, Aryabhatiya, is a comprehensive compilation of mathematics and astronomy, covering various subjects like arithmetic, algebra, plane trigonometry, and spherical trigonometry. The book also includes discussions on continued fractions, quadratic equations, sums-of-power series, and even features a table of sines.

Aryabhatiya systematically explores the composition of the Solar System, the characteristics of its planets, and provides explanations for solar and lunar eclipses. In its mathematical section, Aryabhatiya thoroughly addresses arithmetic, algebra, plane trigonometry, and spherical trigonometry.

The text is also referred to as Arya-status-ash, signifying Aryabhata's 108, denoting the presence of 108 verses in the book. Written in the form of a sutra, comprising aphorisms, it offers a concise and effective means of presenting scientific principles.

Written in Sanskrit, Aryabhatiya is divided into four sections, totaling 121 verses, following a mnemonic writing style commonly used in Indian works:

~Gitikapada (13 verses) - Explores cosmology, mentioning the planetary revolutions in a maha yuga, which spans up to 4.32 million years.
~Ganitapada (33 verses) - Focuses on Ganita, referring to calculations, with 33 verses dedicated to mathematics. This section explains various topics, including mensuration, simple and quadratic equations, as well as indeterminate and arithmetic and geometric equations.
~Kalakriyapada (25 verses) - Consists of 25 verses, providing insights into the measurement of days, weeks, and months using different units of time.
~Golapada (50 verses) - Contains 50 verses that delve into the causes of days and nights, the rising of zodiac signs, eclipses, the celestial equator, nodes, and the shape of the earth.
Aryabhatiya by Aryabhata I